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Important Features of Indus Valley Civilisation



Town Planning

  • The Towns are generally divided into two parts: the upper part – or citadel – which was occupied by the ruling class and the lower part, occupied by the common inhabited. The dwellings are either made of mud brick or baked bricks.
  • Grid System can be seen.
  • Roads cut across one another almost right angles and the city was divided into many blocks- regular and square shapes.
  • The underground drainage system can be seen in almost every big and small houses had its own courtyard and bathroom. Drains were covered with bricks and sometimes with stone slabs. Manholes also found on the streets.
  • The underground drainage system was first introduced by the Harappans in the world.

Political Life

  • Although there was no clear evidence of the political system it is assumed that the society was ruled by the merchant classes.

Trade

  • They had a trade relationship with Egypt, Mesopotamia, Dilmun (Modern Bahrain), and Aryans.
  • Cotton goods, agricultural products, pottery, terracotta figure, certain beads( from Chanhudaro), Conch-shell (from Lothal) were exported.

Religious Practice

    • The most commonly found figure of Mother Goddess( Matridevi or Shakti).
    • Shiva-Shakti worships the oldest form of worship in India was found.
    • Trees (pipal), animals (bull), birds (dove, pigeon) and stones were worshipped.

    Script

    • The scripts were mainly photographic on seals, has not been deciphered so far.
    • There are 400 symbols used in Harappan script and the fish symbol was mostly represented.

    Important Notes on Indus Valley Civilisation :

    • Metals know to them: Copper, Bronze, Gold, Silver, tin, Lead, Jade, Steatite, Amethyst etc.
    • Iron was unknown to them.
    • Steatite was used to make seals.
    • The humpless bull was the most represented symbol on the Indus seals.
    • 3 forms of burial system were present – complete burial( dead body placed in North-South axis), Partial Burial, Pot burial.
    • A Harappan seal was consists of a three-faced deity seated in a yogic posture with a two-horned head surrounded by several animals- Rhino. Elephant, Bison, Humpbull, Tiger, Buffalo, Deer.
    • According to the Anthropological survey, the author of the Indus population was of four types- Proto-Australoid, Mediterranean, Alpine, Mongoloid.
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